Ciri -ciri:
- Band luas
- Bunyi rendah
Ia biasanya digunakan sebagai frekuensi tinggi atau preamplifier frekuensi perantaraan pelbagai penerima radio, dan litar penguatan peralatan pengesanan elektronik sensitiviti tinggi. Penguat bunyi rendah yang baik perlu menguatkan isyarat sambil menghasilkan bunyi dan herotan yang rendah.
1. Keuntungan Penguatan: LNA dapat menguatkan isyarat input yang lemah ke tahap yang mencukupi untuk litar atau pemprosesan sistem berikutnya. Dalam komunikasi tanpa wayar, isyarat yang diterima sering sangat lemah, dan melalui kesan penguatan LNA, isyarat dapat dipertingkatkan ke tahap yang boleh dipercayai untuk menyediakan pemprosesan dan demodulasi berikutnya.
2. Mengurangkan bunyi sistem: LNA berusaha untuk meminimumkan pengenalan bunyi tambahan sambil menguatkan isyarat. Kebisingan adalah penting untuk prestasi sistem komunikasi tanpa wayar kerana ia dapat menutupi isyarat dan mengurangkan nisbah isyarat-ke-bunyi sistem. Gelombang milimeter penguat bunyi rendah mengurangkan bunyi sistem dengan meminimumkan angka bunyi melalui penggunaan reka bentuk litar yang dioptimumkan dan bahan bunyi yang rendah.
3. Meningkatkan julat dinamik sistem: Fungsi LNA yang lain adalah untuk mengembangkan rangkaian dinamik sistem. Julat dinamik merujuk kepada keupayaan sistem untuk mengendalikan kedua -dua isyarat yang kuat dan lemah secara serentak. Penguat hingar rendah frekuensi tinggi boleh mengendalikan isyarat yang lebih lemah tanpa beban atau penyimpangan kerana isyarat yang lebih kuat. Ini membolehkan sistem berfungsi dengan berkesan dalam persekitaran dengan pelbagai perbezaan kekuatan isyarat.
Bidang aplikasi utama LNA adalah komunikasi tanpa wayar, peralatan perubatan, instrumen pengukur, radar, komunikasi satelit, dll.
QualwaveMembekalkan penguat bunyi yang rendah dari DC hingga 260GHz, dan angka bunyi boleh serendah 0.8dB. Keuntungan minimum ialah 10dB dan input maksimum VSWR ialah 3.5: 1. Kami menawarkan pelbagai sistem penguat bunyi yang rendah untuk memenuhi semua keperluan anda untuk komponen penguat bunyi bising RF, microwave, dan milimeter gelombang.
Nombor bahagian | Kekerapan(GHz, min.) | Kekerapan(GHz, Max.) | Angka bunyi(DBM, Max.) | P1db(DBM, min.) | Keuntungan(DB, min.) | Mendapat kebosanan(db, typ.) | Voltan(VDC) | VSWR(Max.) | Masa utama(Minggu) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QLA-9K-3000-43-30 | 9K | 3 | 3 | 16 | 43 | 1.5 | 12 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-0.01-15000-12-60 | 0.00001 | 15 | 6 (typ.) | 10 | 12 | 2.5 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-0.09-2000-42-30 | 0.00009 | 2 | 3 (typ.) | 15 (typ.) | 42 (typ.) | - | 12 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-0.1-500-24-30 | 0.0001 | 0.5 | 3 | 5 | 24 | 0.5 | 15 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-0.1-500-30-30 | 0.0001 | 0.5 | 3 | 5 | 30 | 0.5 | 5 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-0.5-1000-23-12 | 0.0005 | 1 | 1.2 (typ.) | 23 (typ.) | 23 (typ.) | - | 5 | 1.8 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1-400-50-20 | 0.001 | 0.4 | 2 | 20 | 50 | 0.5 | 15 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1-12000-30-55 | 0.001 | 12 | 5.5 (typ.) | 15 | 30 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1-26500-17-55 | 0.001 | 26.5 | 5.5 (typ.) | 10 | 17 | 3.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1.6-30-13.5-42 | 0.0016 | 0.03 | 4.2 | 26 | 13.5 | 0.25 | 15 | 1.2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-2-1100-22-15 | 0.002 | 1.1 | 1.5 (typ.) | 26 (typ.) | 22 (typ.) | - | 8 | 1.4 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-5-1000-46-15 | 0.005 | 1 | 1.5 (typ.) | 20 (typ.) | 46 (typ.) | - | 5 | 2 (typ.) | 0 ~ 4 |
QLA-10-60-15-50 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 5 | 23 | 15 | 1.0 | 12 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-10-60-16-50 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 5 | 23 | 16 | 1.5 | 5 | - | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-10-2500-30-40 | 0.01 | 2.5 | 4 (typ.) | 10 | 30 | 1.0 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-10-18000-25-50 | 0.01 | 18 | 5 | 10 | 25 | 2.0 | 12 | 2.2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-10-30000-26-60 | 0.01 | 30 | 6 (typ.) | 25 | 26 | 1.5 | 12 ~ 15 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-20-3000-30-35 | 0.02 | 3 | 3.5 | 15 | 30 | 2.5 | 15 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-20-6000-32-15 | 0.02 | 6 | 1.5 (typ.) | 12 | 32 | 1.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-20-8000-20-30 | 0.02 | 8 | 3 (typ.) | 12 | 20 | 2.0 | 12 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-25-1000-50-13 | 0.025 | 1 | 1.3 | 14 | 50 | - | 5 ~ 20 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-30-1000-15-20 | 0.03 | 1 | 2 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 5.5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-30-1000-55-13 | 0.03 | 1 | 1.3 | 25 | 55 | 3 | 5 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-30-3000-40-30 | 0.03 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 40 | 2 | 15 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-30-6000-25-50 | 0.03 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 25 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-30-18000-15-25 | 0.03 | 18 | 2.5 (typ.) | 10 | 15 | 1.0 | 12 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-50-4000-20-15 | 0.05 | 4 | 1.5 (typ.) | 20 (typ.) | 20 (typ.) | 1.5 | 5 | 1.5 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-50-4000-40-15 | 0.05 | 4 | 1.5 (typ.) | 20 (typ.) | 40 (typ.) | 3 | 5 | 1.5 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-50-6000-25-40 | 0.05 | 6 | 4 | 22 | 25 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-6000-16-10 | 0.1 | 6 | 1 | 21 | 16 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-6000-25-25 | 0.1 | 6 | 2.5 | 15 | 25 | 2 | 12 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-6000-40-30 | 0.1 | 6 | 3 | 18 | 40 | 2.5 | 8 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-8000-16-20 | 0.1 | 8 | 2 (typ.) | 18 (typ.) | 16 | - | 5 | 1.8 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-12000-15-25 | 0.1 | 12 | 2.5 | 18 (typ.) | 15 | 1 | 5 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-12000-25-25 | 0.1 | 12 | 2.5 | 15 | 25 | 2 | 12 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-12000-30-40 | 0.1 | 12 | 4 | 18 | 30 | 2.5 (maks.) | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-12000-35-28 | 0.1 | 12 | 2.8 | 18 | 35 (typ.) | - | 5 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-15000-45-22 | 0.1 | 15 | 2.2 | 5 | 45 | 2.5 | 12 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-18000-15-25 | 0.1 | 18 | 2.5 | 18 (typ.) | 15 | 1 | 5 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-18000-25-40 | 0.1 | 18 | 4 | 17 | 25 | 2.5 (maks.) | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-20000-25-40 | 0.1 | 20 | 4 | 20 | 25 | 1.5 | 12 | 3 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-20000-30-40 | 0.1 | 20 | 4 | 17 | 30 | 2.5 (maks.) | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-26500-30-40 | 0.1 | 26.5 | 4 (typ.) | 20 | 30 (typ.) | 2.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-30000-18-55 | 0.1 | 30 | 5.5 | 15 | 18 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-40000-27-55 | 0.1 | 40 | 5.5 (typ.) | 15 | 27 | 3.5 (maks.) | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-100-50000-28-50 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 (typ.) | 10 | 28 (typ.) | 3.0 (maks.) | 12 | 3 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-200-6000-42-13 | 0.2 | 6 | 1.3 | 15 | 42 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-200-10000-45-50 | 0.2 | 10 | 5 | 23 | 45 | 2.0 (maks.) | 12 | 2.2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-300-40000-40-55 | 0.3 | 40 | 5.5 (typ.) | 14 | 40 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-400-8000-40-25 | 0.4 | 8 | 2.5 | 14 | 40 | 1.5 (maks.) | 12 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-500-8000-20-16 | 0.5 | 8 | 1.6 (typ.) | 18 (typ.) | 20 (typ.) | 1.0 | 6 | 3.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-500-8000-30-22 | 0.5 | 8 | 2.2 (typ.) | 17 (typ.) | 30 (typ.) | - | +5 | 2.5 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-500-18000-15-25 | 0.5 | 18 | 2.5 | 18 (typ.) | 15 | 1 | 5 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-500-18000-40-30 | 0.5 | 18 | 3 | 10 | 40 | 1.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-500-18000-40-35 | 0.5 | 18 | 3.5 | 12 | 40 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-500-40000-43-50 | 0.5 | 40 | 5 | 14 | 43 | 2.5 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-600-4200-20-10 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 1 (typ.) | 21 (typ.) | 20 (typ.) | 2 | 5 | 2 (typ.) | 0 ~ 4 |
QLA-600-4200-30-08 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 21 | 30 | 2.5 | 5 | 2 | 0 ~ 4 |
QLA-600-4200-35-10 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 21 | 35 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 ~ 4 |
QLA-600-4200-55-11 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 1.1 (typ.) | 21 (typ.) | 55 (typ.) | 7.5 (typ.) | 5 | 2 (typ.) | 0 ~ 4 |
QLA-1000-6000-30-20 | 1 | 6 | 2 (typ.) | 18 (typ.) | 30 | 1 | 5 ~ 15 | 1.5 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-6000-45-20 | 1 | 6 | 2 (typ.) | 19 (typ.) | 45 (typ.) | 2 | 5 ~ 15 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-12000-30-20 | 1 | 12 | 2 (typ.) | 18 (typ.) | 30 | 1 | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-12000-45-20 | 1 | 12 | 2 (typ.) | 19 (typ.) | 45 (typ.) | 2 | 5 ~ 15 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-18000-30-20 | 1 | 18 | 2 (typ.) | 18 (typ.) | 27, 30 (typ.) | 1 | 5 ~ 15 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-18000-30-25-L | 1 | 18 | 2.5 (typ.) | 19 (typ.) | 30 (typ.) | 1.5 | 5 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-18000-45-20 | 1 | 18 | 2 (typ.) | 19 (typ.) | 45 (typ.) | 2 | 5 ~ 15 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-18000-55-22 | 1 | 18 | 2.2 | 10 | 55 | 1.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-20000-25-35 | 1 | 20 | 3.5 | 21 | 25 | 2.5 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-20000-40-40 | 1 | 20 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 2 | 12 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-1000-40000-30-80 | 1 | 40 | 8 | 10 | 30 | 3.0 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-2000-6000-38-10 | 2 | 6 | 1 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.4 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-2000-8000-38-11 | 2 | 8 | 1.1 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-2000-12000-38-12 | 2 | 12 | 1.2 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-2000-18000-38-15 | 2 | 18 | 1.5 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1.5 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-2000-26500-25-40 | 2 | 26.5 | 4 | 8 | 25 | 2 | 12 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-2000-26500-48-50 | 2 | 26.5 | 5 | 10 | 48 | 4.5 | 9 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-4000-8000-38-11 | 4 | 8 | 1.1 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-4000-12000-38-12 | 4 | 12 | 1.2 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-4000-18000-38-15 | 4 | 18 | 1.5 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1.5 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-5900-7250-30-15 | 5.9 | 7.25 | 1.5 | 18 (typ.) | 30 (typ.) | - | 5 | 3 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-6000-12000-38-12 | 6 | 12 | 1.2 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-6000-18000-38-15 | 6 | 18 | 1.5 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1.5 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-8000-12000-38-12 | 8 | 12 | 1.2 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-8000-18000-38-15 | 8 | 18 | 1.5 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1.5 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-8000-26500-15-35 | 8 | 26.5 | 3.5 | 8 | 15 | 1.5 | 5 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-8000-26500-40-65 | 8 | 26.5 | 6.5 | 18 | 40 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-12000-18000-38-15 | 12 | 18 | 1.5 (typ.) | 18 | 38 (typ.) | 1.5 (typ.) | 5 ~ 15 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-12000-40000-30-40 | 12 | 40 | 4 | 5 | 30 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-15000-50000-40-50 | 15 | 50 | 5 (typ.) | 13 | 40 | 2.5 | 12 ~ 14 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-16000-22000-35-25 | 16 | 22 | 2.5 | 19 | 35 | 1.5 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-16000-40000-20-35 | 16 | 40 | 3.5 | 16 | 18 | 3.5 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-17500-20200-20-20 | 17.5 | 20.2 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 0.5 | 5 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-17700-21200-30-80 | 17.7 | 21.2 | 8 | 10 | 30 | 2 | 15 ~ 24 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-26500-30-40 | 18 | 26.5 | 4 | 5 | 30 | 1 | 12 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-26500-48-25 | 18 | 26.5 | 2.5 | 10 | 48 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.3 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-26500-45-32 | 18 | 26.5 | 3.2 | 10 | 45 | 2 | 5 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-28000-20-40 | 18 | 28 | 4 | 8 | 20 | 1.5 | 5 | 1.6 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-36000-24-55 | 18 | 36 | 5.5 | 18 | 24 | 2.5 | 12 | 1.6 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-40000-25-50 | 18 | 40 | 5 | 12 | 25 | 1.5 (maks.) | 5 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-40000-25-50 (P10) | 18 | 40 | 5 | 10 | 25 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-40000-25-50 (P15) | 18 | 40 | 5 | 15 | 25 | 2.5 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-40000-30-35 | 18 | 40 | 3.5 | 20 | 30 | - | 12 ~ 16 | 1.8 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-40000-40-45 | 18 | 40 | 4.5 | 6 | 40 | 2.5 | 15 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-40000-50-45 | 18 | 40 | 4.5 | 5 | 50 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-44000-55-30 | 18 | 44 | 3 (typ.) | 2 (typ.) | 55 (typ.) | - | 5 | 2 (typ.) | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-18000-50000-40-55 | 18 | 50 | 5.5 | 13 | 40 | 3 | 6 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-20000-32000-40-25 | 20 | 32 | 2.5 | 10 | 40 | 2.5 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-23000-25000-35-20 | 23 | 25 | 2 | -3 | 35 | 1.5 | 5 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-23000-40000-34-35 | 23 | 40 | 3.5 | 10 | 34 | 2.5 | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-24000-28000-30-40 | 24 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 30 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-24000-30000-30-20 | 24 | 30 | 2 | 10 | 30 | 1 | 5 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-25300-27200-50-18 | 25.3 | 27.2 | 1.8 | 5 | 50 | 1 | 12 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-26000-40000-30-28 | 26 | 40 | 2.8 | 10 | 30 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.3 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-26000-40000-30-30 | 26 | 40 | 3 | - | 30 | - | 7 | 2.2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-26500-40000-20-30 | 26.5 | 40 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 1.5 | 5 | 1.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-26500-40000-25-40 | 26.5 | 40 | 4 | - | 25 | 2 | 5 | 1.8 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-39000-41000-30-32 | 39 | 41 | 3.2 | 10 | 30 | 0.5 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-40000-53000-40-50 | 40 | 53 | 5 | 10 | 40 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-50000-59000-40-55 | 50 | 59 | 5.5 | 10 | 40 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-50000-75000-25-30 | 50 | 75 | 3 | - | 25 | - | 7 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-57000-67000-30-50 | 57 | 67 | 5 | 10 | 30 | - | 12 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-60000-90000-35-40 | 60 | 90 | 4 | 9 | 35 | - | 5 | 3 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-60000-90000-26-43 | 60 | 90 | 4.3 | - | 26 | - | 7 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-71000-86000-40-50 | 71 | 86 | 5 | 11 | 40 | 3 | 5 | 2.2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-75000-110000-20.5-32 | 75 | 110 | 3.2 | - | 20.5 | 2.5 | 7 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-75000-110000-38-36 | 75 | 110 | 3.6 | - | 38 | - | 7 | 2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-110000-170000-16-40 | 110 | 170 | 4 (typ.) | - | 16 | 3 | 7 | 2.2 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-140000-200000-15-45 | 140 | 200 | 4.5 | - | 15 | 3 | 7 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-200000-230000-22-72 | 200 | 230 | 7.2 | - | 22 | 3 | 5 | 2.5 | 2 ~ 8 |
QLA-230000-260000-19-85 | 230 | 260 | 8.5 | - | 19 | - | 5 | 3.5 | 2 ~ 8 |